According to the big bang theory, the universe was born around 13.8 billion years ago. After seconds of the incidence of the Big Bang, neutrons and protons were formed by the combination of quarks and gluons. Then after a few minutes, neutrons combined with protons to form deuterium and helium nuclei and most protons remained […]
Mass Defect, Binding Energy and Separation Energy Read More »
According to mass-energy equivalence, all objects having mass have corresponding intrinsic energy, even when they are stationary. The “mass-energy equivalence” principle states that the mass of a system and its energy are the same property in any physical system. This means that anything having mass has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa. According
Mass–Energy Equivalence Read More »
In the last post on nuclear physics, we derived the expression for the form factor and found that the scattering cross-section of an extended nucleus can be obtained by using the expression; Where is the Form factor and it is given by; Here the right side of this equation is the Fourier transforms of .
Nuclear Shape And Size: Fermi Model Read More »
In the last post, we discussed a technique by which we can have an estimate of the size of the nucleus. We saw a graph between the differential cross-section per unit solid angle and the scattering angle obtained from an electron scattering experiment with the Carbon nucleus. We compared that graph with the single slit
Nuclear Shape And Size: Born Approximation And Form Factor Read More »
Till now we have discussed the discovery of the nucleus and the different hypotheses of the constituents of the nucleus. We saw that the nucleus is made of Protons and Neutrons. But we didn’t talk much about the size of the nucleus. So, in this post on nuclear physics, we are going to discuss the size
Nuclear Shape And Size: Electron Scattering Experiment Read More »
Introduction From the discovery of the nucleus until now, it has been passed almost a century of the journey of nuclear physics. But in this long duration, most of us have been exploring the ways to use it rather than exploring the world of nuclei. That’s why only a few nuclei have been discovered to
The Nuclear Landscape Read More »
Introduction The discovery of the neutron is an extraordinary development in atomic physics in the first half of the 20th century. Before that protons and electrons had already been discovered. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford developed an excellent model of the atom based on the gold foil experiment of Geiger and Marsden, called the Rutherford model
Discovery Of The Neutron, And Proton-Neutron Hypothesis Of The Nuclear Composition Read More »
Introduction At the time when the nucleus was discovered by Rutherford, only two atomic particles, proton, and electron were known. If only photons are inside the nucleus then the charge of the nucleus would be units, where is the mass number of the atom. But, it was already observed that except for hydrogen, the nuclear charge
Proton-Electron Hypothesis Of Nuclear Composition Read More »
Geiger and Marsden performed an experiment in which they have bombarded -particles on a very thin foil of gold and collected data from the experiment which was later on analysed by Rutherford. Rutherford explained the data of Geiger and Marsden by making some assumptions. It was assumed that The atom contains a nucleus of charge
Relation Between Scattering Angle And Impact Parameter Read More »
When a particle is thrown towards the nucleus, its kinetic energy decreases, and potential energy increases as approaches the nucleus and comes to momentary rest at a particular distance to the nucleus. This distance is called the distance of the nearest approach. After that, it retraces its path, and its kinetic energy increases and potential
Distance Of The Nearest Approach Read More »
